English Reference
verb · noun · adjective

run

v. · n. · adj.
US /ˈɹən/ UK /ɹˈʌn/ run

infinitive run past ran past participle run

  1. 01 A1 Beginner

    v.to move your legs faster than a walk.

    v.to move at a speed faster than a walk, never having both feet on the ground at the same time.

    Simple

    He had to run to catch the bus before it pulled away from the stop.

    In context

    The athlete had to run with incredible discipline to maintain her pace during the final leg of the marathon.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate

    v.to be in charge of a business, a shop, or an activity.

    v.to manage, direct, or be in charge of an organisation or operation.

    Simple

    She runs a small bakery in the center of town.

    In context

    After the merger, he was appointed to run the entire European division of the logistics firm.

  3. 03 A2 Elementary

    v.to flow or move like water from a tap or in a river.

    v.to flow in a stream or be in a liquid state; often used for domestic water supplies.

    Simple

    Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.

    In context

    The river runs through the valley, providing a vital water source for the local agricultural communities.

  4. 04 B1 Intermediate Computing

    v.to make a machine or a computer program work.

    v.to cause a machine or computer program to function or process data.

    Simple

    You need to run the latest update to fix the security bugs.

    In context

    The technician decided to run the diagnostic software overnight to identify the source of the hardware failure.

  5. 05 B2 Upper Intermediate American English

    v.to try to get elected for a job in the government.

    v.to stand as a candidate in an election for political office.

    Simple

    She decided to run for mayor because she wanted to improve the local schools.

    In context

    Several prominent senators have already announced their intention to run for the presidency in the upcoming election cycle.

  6. 06 B1 Intermediate

    n.a continuous period of time when something happens or a series of things.

    n.a continuous spell or sequence of events, often of a specified kind.

    Simple

    The team had a long run of wins before they finally lost a game.

    In context

    The play enjoyed a successful three-month run on Broadway before going on a national tour.

  7. 07 B1 Intermediate

    n.a short trip or a regular journey.

    n.a journey or route, especially one taken regularly or for pleasure.

    Simple

    The supermarket is just a quick five-minute run in the car.

    In context

    The delivery driver completed his morning run ahead of schedule despite the heavy fog on the motorway.

  8. 08 A2 Elementary Sport

    n.a point scored in games like cricket or baseball.

    n.a unit of scoring in baseball or cricket, achieved by reaching bases or running between wickets.

    Simple

    He scored the winning run in the final inning of the game.

    In context

    The batsman managed to steal a quick run while the fielder was distracted by the crowd.

  9. 09 B2 Upper Intermediate American English

    n.a long hole in a piece of clothing where the threads have come apart.

    n.a line of unravelled stitches in a knitted fabric, particularly in hosiery.

    Simple

    She noticed a run in her tights just before the interview started.

    In context

    The delicate silk stockings were prone to runs if they caught on even the slightest rough surface.

  10. 10 B2 Upper Intermediate Agriculture

    n.a fenced area where animals can move around outside.

    n.an enclosed area in which animals or birds can exercise or feed.

    Simple

    The chickens have a large run where they can find insects in the grass.

    In context

    The farmer expanded the sheep run to ensure the flock had access to fresh grazing land during the summer months.

  11. 11 C1 Advanced Technical

    n.when many people suddenly want to take their money out of a bank.

    n.a sudden, urgent demand by many customers for the withdrawal of their funds from a financial institution.

    Simple

    Rumors of the bank's failure caused a run on deposits.

    In context

    The central bank intervened to provide liquidity after a sudden run threatened to destabilise the national currency.

  12. 12 C2 Proficiency TechnicalArchaic

    adj.melted or in a liquid state.

    adj.melted or molten; specifically used for materials like butter or metal.

    Simple

    The run butter was poured over the fresh vegetables.

    In context

    The artisan used run metal to fill the intricate molds for the bronze statues.

Usage run away · run for office · run miles


From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic rinnaną (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”). Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), archaic Dutch rinnen (“to flow”, still in geronnen), German rinnen (“to flow”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), and Icelandic renna (“to flow”). From the causative Proto-Germanic *rannijaną (“to make run”) are Dutch rennen, German rennen, Danish rende, Swedish ränna (all “to run”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See also random.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *h₃reyH-
Level A2 · Elementary
Frequency Very common
Updated